2.1 why an imiscoe network of excellence? motivations and ambitions international migration has become a major phenomenon worldwide in recent decades. europe has received a significant share of it. at the end of the 20th century more than 20 million foreigners were living in the countries of the european economic area trends in international migration, oecd, sopemi, 2001, p. 12 ; . that amounts to 5.3 per cent of the total population in that area, and it does not include naturalised immigrants. nor does it include undocumented immigrants or those waiting in asylum procedures or other situations. the migration movements have a variety of backgrounds and forms. in one direction, uneven development and political instability, combined with the intensity and reach of new communication media and the density of transport facilities, have generated greater migration pressures and supply-driven migration movements. in the other direction, demographic and economic developments in europe itself have given rise to new demand-driven movements towards some countries, and will presumably do so towards other countries in future. in 2001, `about three quarters of the total population increase in the eu was due to net inward migration and only one quarter to natural increase. net migration has exceeded natural increase in each year since 1989' first results of the demographic data collection for 2001 in europe, eurostat website: statistics in focus; see also replacement migration, population division of the united nations, 2000 ; . in the year 2000, around 680, 000 immigrants from outside the eu arrived in the union. this official figure corresponds to a net annual inward migration rate for the eu of about 2.2 per 1000 population. most analysts take the view that migration to the eu will further increase over the long term. the presence of significant immigrant populations from all parts of the world--which are also becoming more and more permanent in nature--not only raises the question of the integration of these immigrants, but it also highlights the problematique of the social cohesion of societies as a whole. that is not least because settlement patterns of immigrants are basically uneven, with european metropoles serving as strong attraction poles. these cities have developed in recent times into veritable laboratories of diversity, in which new forms of living together can be studied and new solutions to ensure social cohesion might be found. in view of these facts and developments, it is no wonder that international migration and its consequences are now one of the most salient topics on the agenda of politics and policy development. that has been true for some time now in european states individually, and for the participating members of imiscoe it was the motivating factor to found institutes that could provide research and systematic information. in the recent decades that saw the shaping of the european union, it has become clear that this type of research is also crucial for europe as a whole. the need for a european focus can be argued from a policy perspective: knowledgebased and future-oriented policies dealing with migration and integration are not only necessary, but they must inevitably be developed in the wider frame of the eu and the entire european continent. since the amsterdam treaty, the management of migration has become a major policy topic within the framework of european integration. it has been elaborated in a number of recent documents, including the communication from the commission to the council and the european parliament on a community immigration policy com 2000 ; 757 ; , the communication from the commission to the council and the european parliament on integrating migration issues in the european union's relations with third countries com 2002 ; 703 ; --the latter of which covers migration and development, the repatriation of immigrants and rejected asylum seekers, and the management of external borders--and further communications on illegal migration com 2001 ; 672 ; and on an open method of coordination for community immigration policy com 2001 ; 387 ; . in the field of integration policy, major steps were taken with the establishment of the european monitoring centre on racism and and 13 card game.

This pattern appears in several other places in our study. for example, when measuring the amount of time children play video games each week, parents report an average of five hours per week. when their children are asked, they report an average of nine hours per week 13 hours for boys, 6 for girls ; . these findings, and the gap between them, are basically identical to the national averages found in other studies. this suggests that parents may provide overly optimistic responses about their awareness of children's video game habits and their use of the ratings. this parental optimism is very unfortunate, because parents are in an extremely powerful position to make a difference in their children's outcomes. parents who are actively involved in their children's media habits have children who spend less time playing video games each week, get better grades in school, are less likely to be overweight, are less aggressive, are more prosocial, and have fewer attention problems in school. active parental monitoring of children's media use appears to be a clear protective factor for children. retailer ratings education survey results we conducted our surveys in september and october 2006, surveying by telephone 52 video game rental or retail stores in 12 states: colorado, indiana, maryland, massachusetts, michigan, missouri, montana, nebraska, nevada, north carolina, oregon, and tennessee. we surveyed stores in both large cities and small towns within these states. of the 52 stores, 25 stores primarily sell video games and 27 primarily rent. forty-six of the stores surveyed are part of a chain. public education eighty-six percent of the stores claimed to educate the public about the esrb rating system. this number is up from 71% in 2005. however, when these education plans were examined, the number dropped to 73%, meaning that over a quarter of the stores surveyed did not meaningfully educate the public. however, this percentage is up from 52% last year. the stores that did educate the public used pamphlets or posters in the stores, listings on the aisles, youth-restricted stickers on m-rated games, and video loops describing ratings. similar to past years, only 25% of store employees were familiar with esrb's "ok to play" campaign 26% in 2005 and 22% in 2004 ; . employee education an overwhelming majority 98% ; of the individuals we surveyed say they personally understand the esrb rating system. this is up from 97% in 2005 and 76% in 2004. better yet, about three-quarters 73% ; of the stores we surveyed say they have a policy for training their employees on the esrb rating system up from 52% in 2005 ; . in these stores, training included word of mouth, reading material, computer classes, or during register training where registers are programmed to prompt id checks for sales of mrated games. this year, retail and rental stores were reported roughly equally in terms of understanding the ratings and training employees about the ratings. policies about ratings most 92% ; of stores say they have a policy preventing children younger than 17 renting or buying m-rated games. this is virtually the same as last year 94% ; but up from 89% in 2004, and 83% in 2003. when the actual policies are examined, the percentage drops to 88% encouragingly up from 80% in 2005 ; . we did not count policies when 7. Name: social security number: mailing address: city state zip: telephone number: email address: player's club card number: date of birth and 21 card game.
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